PREFACE
BY THE LATE FATHER VAN DIJK
This volume contains a series of 13th-century Roman liturgica, discovered in the last fifty years. It forms a corpus but one which differs in character from that collected in my Sources for the Modern Roman Liturgy (Leiden 1963). The latter deal with the second adaptation of the liturgy of the papal court made, after 1242, by and for members of a large organization, the Order of Friars Minor. Each represents a compilation work which, however vaguely, can be dated and assigned to a single author, even when remaining anonymous. Once approved, the document was made obligatory for the entire Order, unless, in explicitly defined details, the authority of general or provincial chapters decreed otherwise. These presented here date from the first half of the century and are, directly or indirectly, the source material of those Franciscan activities. Compiled by papal liturgists for the use of a narrow and closely knit community: the pope, his commensal chaplains and court officials - in fact for the centre of all spiritual authority - the represent a living tradition rather than a once established and accepted code of liturgical legislation. The persistent study of these documents by succesive generations of court liturgists, each working on his own manuscript(s), has made it almost impossible to unravel the skein of sources, compilations, additions, re-arrangements, etc. Thus, in most cases, they cannot be dated with accuracy nor assigned to a single specific author.
In order to establish an intelligible text and some form of chronology in the process of evolution a great variety of traditions had to be collated. And the complexity of the material presented could not be avoided. Nor should the edition offered here be regarder as definitive. On the contrary, the editor hopes that it will inspire much painstaking research of detail. Hence even an introduction, similar to that precedint The Sources would have overburdened this publication of texts. The introductory notes are kept as short as possible in the hope that an extensive study may be issued at a later date.
As the preparation of these texts was initiated in the 1940s, manu have contributed in various ways to what goes under mu name: confrères and friends, superiors of religious houses and librarians ...
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STEPHEN J. P. VAN DIJK, O. F. M.
The London Times, March 23rd 1971
The publication of The Ordinal of the Papal Court from Innocent III to Boniface VIII and Related Documents, volume 22 of the series Texts Concerning the History of Christian Life, in Spicilegium Friburgense, is the most fitting memorial to the late Father Stephen van Dijk who died on March 8, 1971 at Swinton Dene, Berwickshire, Scotland. This work hinges upon a life-time of devoted study and scholarship which began during the war years he spent in Italy. My discovery of papers and a diary relating to his selfless activities and subsequent imprisonment not only for his part in but also for his devotion to those, both young and old, caught up with the horrors of war, make it the more remarkable that he continued tirelessly even at this stahe to transcribe the host of manuscripts which have made this edition possible.
Fr van Dijk dod not live to complete his work. He wrote of Haymo of Faversham, <... [he] was actually working on a ceremonial when death overtook him. The draft of this ceremonial... was still on his table, when in the summer of 1244 ... the friars of Anagni carried him to his last resting place ...>. By the side of Fr van Dijk's bed lay the proofs he was correcting during his last days; on his desk in London, only some thirty-five typescripts pages of the introduction and a few notes were left.
I have collaborated with Stephen van Dijk since 1954, yet our joint publications in no way give me confidence to complete what was his work alone. I have left untouched those thirty-five pages, filling in the blanks in the footnotes, I hope with accuracy, but I take full responsibility for all possible errors. I have tried to complete the introductory notes form the brief headings and schemes I discovered, and from our various joint publications. I hope that time will bring forward a student of medieval liturgy who will take up this word and find a veritable gold mine in the vast collection of material left in my care. Stephen van Dijk called forth many tributes, perhaps the finest was that he stood out as . Yer he was a scholar of little personal ambition, humble and self-critical to the extreme. Those who worked and studied with him know that his greatest joy was that others shared his discoveries. It is with this knowledge that I offer his work to anyone who may care to take it up.
Fr van Dijk intended to name many who helped in the preparation of this edition. I cannot hope to fill in those ...! However, I am certain he would wish, first of all, that I thanked the Rt Rev Bishop of Basle, Anton Hänggi and Fr G. G. Meersseman, O. P., for their warm invitation to publish this work in this series. I am grateful to the University press of Fribourg for their patience in waiting for me to complete this work. The confrères and friends, superiors and librarians, I cannot ennumerate. I hope that all who have played their part in the initial stages of this publication will forgive my ignorance and accept my appreciation.
For my own part, I wish to express my heartleft thanks to Fr M. Dykmans, S. J. of the Pontifical University, Rome. To him I owe so much encouragement and many suggestions in the correcting of the first page proofs of the Ordinal of Gregory X. I am overjoyed that he has published an introduction to this section of Fr van Dijk's texts [1]. No greater tribute to the memory of a fellow scholar could have been made than that expressed in so practical a manner.
I am indebted to Fr Evermarus Vranken, O. F. M. who worked so painstakingly on many of the indices and who has continued to show interest. I would wish to thank the Council of Management of Whitelands College of Education, University of London for granting me a sabbatical year, and the University of Edinburgh for the award of a post-doctoral Fellowship to complete this volume.
However, my greatest debt of gratitude goes do Dr James van Winden, O. F. M. of Leiden University. His presence in Scotland within a few hours of Stephen van Dijk's death and his tireless efforts to sustain me throughout the months it has taken to complete this publication, have alone made it possible,
March 8 1973
Joan Hazelden Walker
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[1] « Le Cérémonial de Gregoire X (vers 1273) » in Gregorianum 53, 1972, 535-65.
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Stephen J. P. van Dijk (+), O. F. M., M. A., D. Phil., Joan Hazelden Walker, B. D., Ph. D., The Ordinal of the Papal Court from Innocent III to Boniface VIII and Related Documents, "Spicilegium Friburgense", Texts Concerning the History of Christian Life 22, The University Press Fribourg Switzerland, 1975, p. V-VI.
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CONTENTS
Preface
Contents
Bibliography
Introductory notes (preliminary)
Method of Presentation
List of abbreviations
ROMAN KALENDARS OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY
I. Kalendar of the papal court according to the « sacramentary » tradition c. 1175-1202
II. Kalendar of the Roman court according to the « Regula » edition of the Friars Minor derived from the books of Honorius III and in agreement with the ordinal of Innocent III 1227-30
III. Urban Kalendar revised by cardinal John Cajetan Orsini (Nicholas III) combining the traditions od St. Peter's in the Vatican and the papal palace in the Lateran c. 1255
ORDINAL OF THE COURT OF THE ROMAN CHURCH COMPILED DURING THE REIGN OF INNOCENT III 1213-16
Temporale with ordines for Christmas and St. Stephen's day, Ash Wednesday, Holy Week, Easter, Whitsuneve, the Sundays after Pentecost
General rubrics
Sanctorale wit ordines for Candlemas, Greater Litanies
Common of the saints
Offices of the Virgin and of the dead
Order of grace at meals according to the use of the Roman court before 1227
GENERAL RUBRICS OF THE MASS before 1227
ORDER OF THE MASS ACCORDING TO THE USE OF THE ROMAN CHURCH (COURT) before 1227
ORDO ROMANUS. NOTES ON THE ORDER OF THE MASS before 1238
ORDINAL OF GREGORY X c. 1274
Election and consecration of a pope
Temporale
Sanctorale
Ceremonial notes on Mass and Office in the presence of the pope
Solemn (station) Mass celebrated by the pontiff
Greater Litanies
INDICES
I. Index of manuscripts
II. Index of cues
III. Index of biblical references
IV. Index of patristic references
V. Index of stations
VI. Index of feasts
VII. General index