De creatione novorum cardinalium

Nadawanie godności kardynalskiej jest wyłącznym przywilejem Ojca Świętego, który w dowolnym czasie mógł dobrać nowych purpuratów do, ustalonej na siedemdziesiąt, liczby członków Kolegium. W sposób formalny zaczynało się to od poinformowania w czasie sekretnego konsystorza obecnych kardynałów o chęci powołania nowych. Papież zwracał się do obecnych z zapytaniem: Quid vobis videtur? Był to zwrot czysto kurtuazyjny, wywodzący się jeszcze z czasów, gdy wybór nowych kardynałów musiał spotkać się z akceptacją większości dotychczasowych książąt Kościoła. Za odpowiedź starczał jedynie gest purpuratów, którzy powstawszy ściągali piuski i pochylali głowy. Wtedy papież oficjalnie ogłaszał swoją decyzję następującymi słowami: Auctoritate omnipotentis Dei, sanctorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli ac Nostra, creamus Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinales presbyteros quidem N.N. diaconos vero N.N., cum dispensationibus, derogationibus et clausulis necessariis et opportunis. In nomine Pa+tris et Fi+lii et Spiritus + Sancti. Amen. Papież mógł też dokonać wyboru kardynałów, których imiona, z różnych powodów, zachował jedynie dla siebie. Ogłaszał to Konsystorzowi w sposób następujący: Alios autem [tu podawał liczbę wybranych] in pectore reservamus arbitrio Nostro quandocumque declarandos.

Appointing new cardinals is the exclusive privilege of the Holy Father who, in any time, could nominate new prelates, not exceeding the fixed number (seventy) of the College members. In the formal way the procedure started from informing the cardinals, present on a secret consistory, about the Pope’s will to create the new ones. The Pope addressed the present: Quid vobis videtur? It was a purely courteous expression, dating back to the times when the election of the new cardinals had to be accepted by the majority of the then princes of the Church. As a response sufficed only the gesture of the prelates who, having risen to their feet, took off their zucchettos and bowed their heads. Then, the Pope announced officialy his decision with the following words:Auctoritate omnipotentis Dei, sanctorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli ac Nostra, creamus Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinales presbyteros quidem N.N. diaconos vero N.N., cum dispensationibus, derogationibus et clausulis necessariis et opportunis. In nomine Pa+tris et Fi+lii et Spiritus + Sancti. Amen. The Pope could also choose cardinals whose names, because of various reasons, he kept only for himself. He announced it to the consistory in the following way: Alios autem [here the number of the elected was given] in pectore reservamus arbitrio Nostro quandocumque declarandos.

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Prière des cardinaux à la confession de Saint-Pierre

Moment très émouvant : après tous les honneurs dont ils ont été comblés, les nouveaux cardinaux manifestent leur attachement et leur reconnaissance au grand Apôtre martyr, fondateur de l’Eglise Romaine, saint Pierre. Ils sont agenouillés, comme des pèlerins, autour de la Confession ouverte, devant l’autel papal qui couronne l’humble fosse dans laquelle le premier Pape fut déposé au soir de son martyre. 

P. Pfister, Pages de Rome Immortelle, Arthaud 1954, p. 158

Imposition du chapeau cardinalice à Saint-Pierre

C’est le rite le plus caractéristique de la création d’un cardinal. Chacun monte au trône s’agenouiller devant le Souverain Pontife assis, en mitre, qui leur met sur la tête, recouverte déjà du capuce de la cappa, le large et plat chapeau rouge à longs glands de soie : « Recevez cet insigne particulier de la dignité cardinalice, qui signifie que vous devez vous montrer intrépide pour l’exaltation de la sainte Foi, la paix et la tranquillité du peuple chrétien, la conservation et l’accroissement de la Sainte Eglise Romaine, jusqu’à l’effusion du sang inclusivement. » Leurs Eminences les Cardinaux Feltin et Grente ont répondu Amen avec toute la force de leur grande âme. 

P. Pfister, Pages de Rome Immortelle, Arthaud 1954, p. 157

Serment des cardinaux

Au début du Consistoire Public du 15 janvier 1953, tandis que les anciens cardinaux ont pris place dans l’abside de Saint-Pierre, les nouveaux sont réunis dans la chapelle de Sainte-Pétronille, où ils prêtent le serment prévu par le Code. Voici le Cardinal indien Gracias, Archevêque de Bombay, accomplissant ce rite. Peu après, les cardinaux diacres viendront les chercher pour les conduire au Saint Père qui leur imposera le chapeau. 

P. Pfister, Pages de Rome Immortelle, Arthaud 1954, p. 157

A Consistory between Tradition and Innovation

Msgr. Guido Marini: Down the centuries the Consistory for the creation of Cardinals has developed a particularly rich ceremonial form. In previous centuries the creation of Cardinals took place in a secret Consistory at which the Pope would announce the new cardinals’ names. Straight after the Consistory the new cardinals resident in Rome would be notified of their nomination by means of the “biglietto” — which in 1879 prompted Bl. Cardinal Newman to give his famous discourse.

That same day in the afternoon they would go to the Apostolic Palace to receive the red biretta from the Holy Father. Should a new cardinal who lived outside the city be unable to come to Rome, he would receive the biretta from the Pope through a special delegate. In such cases, he would have to promise to go to Rome within a year to receive his red hat and title in person from the Pope.

The subsequent Public Consistory would usually take place in St Peter’s Basilica but occasionally in the Sistine Chapel or in the Consistory Hall of the Apostolic Palace. Among the most moving moments in the ceremony would be the mention of the new cardinals’ act of obedience to the Pope, the imposition of the red hat (“galero”) and their prostration during the singing of the Te Deum, their heads completely covered by their hoods.

This was followed by the special rite of the aperitio oris (“opening of the mouth”), since, in the act of conferring the red biretta, the Holy Father had recommended to the new cardinals that they be shrewd and cautious in the use of words occlusio oris (“closing of the mouth”). The ceremony ended after the Pope had given a sapphire ring to each cardinal and assigned to him a titular church or deaconry.

After the Second Vatican Council the rites for the creation of new Cardinals, while preserving the essential elements, acquired a more modest, simplified form in comparison with the earlier rites. Indeed, although a distinction was no longer made between the public and secret Consistories, the oath, the imposition of the biretta (instead of the hat) and the designation of the title or deaconry were retained. However, the conferral of the cardinal’s ring took place at the Holy Mass that the Pope concelebrated with the new cardinals the day after the Consistory.

Paul VI used the revised text of the Rito (cf. Notitiae 5 [1969], 289-291) for the first time at the Consistory in June 1969. As Annibale Bugnini remarked, the wish to insert into a liturgical rite what in itself was not part of the liturgy was the guiding criterion for the elaboration of the new ritual. The intention was to give the Consistory a celebratory form but at the same time to avoid any element that might give the impression of a new ‘sacred order’ or a ‘sacrament of the cardinalate’ (La Riforma liturgica 1948-1975,CLV — Ed. Liturgiche, Rome 1983, p. 789, n. 15). Nevertheless the Consistory subsequently underwent further modifications which have brought it closer to being a true and proper Liturgy of the Word.

As Benedict XVI himself recalled, the Consistory “is an event that always inspires special emotion, not only in those who are admitted to the College of Cardinals with these rites but also throughout the Church, gladdened by this eloquent sign of Catholic unity. The ceremony's structure stresses the value of the task the new Cardinals are required to carry out in close cooperation with the Successor of Peter. It also invites the People of God to pray that in their service these Brothers of ours may remain ever faithful to Christ, if need be to the point of giving their lives, and that they may allow themselves to be guided by his Gospel” (Homily at the Ordinary Public Consistory, 24 November 2007).

In this regard and to emphasize the two aspects that must characterize the event — the new responsibility assumed by the cardinals and the context of prayer — after a few variations made in the practices of the most recent Consistories it was deemed appropriate to add a few small modifications which have recently been approved by the Holy Father.

First of all, since it is not a true and proper liturgical celebration the Holy Father wears choir dress (with a mozzetta and stole). Then at the beginning of the rite he pauses for a moment in silent prayer at the Confessio, above the tomb of St Peter.

For the two prayers at the beginning and end of the rite, the texts of 1969 that come from the great Roman euchological tradition have been used. These are texts of the Mass, on the occasion of the anniversary of the Bishop of Rome’s episcopal ordination, taken from the Veronense (the so-called “Sacramentarium Leonianum”). These orations speak explicitly of the powers entrusted to the Church, especially the power entrusted to Peter. Whereas in the initial prayer the Pope also prays directly for himself, as a successor of the Apostle, to carry out his office well, in the conclusive prayer the Pope invokes God’s blessings on the new cardinals.

The proclamation of the Word of God resumes the shorter form, like the rite of 1969, with the single Gospel passage (Mark 10:32-45). One Reading and the Psalm are omitted.

The cardinalatial ring is conferred on the new cardinal, together with the biretta and the title or deaconry, during the Consistory and no longer at Holy Mass the following day. The Consistory is consequently a celebration of thanksgiving to the Lord for the gift of the new cardinals to the Church and “an especially important and suitable opportunity to reaffirm our unity in Christ and to renew our common desire to serve him with total generosity” (Benedict XVI, Homily at the Ordinary Public Consistory, 24 November 2007).

At the beginning of the Mass the first of the new cardinals addresses a word of thanks to the Holy Father on behalf of them all. In the previous rite this greeting took place at the beginning of the Consistory.

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Interview with Msgr. Guido Marini, Master of Pontifical Liturgical Ceremonies for "Inside the Vatican" - The next consistory - changes and clarifications (by Włodzimierz Rędzioch)

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Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico per la creazione di nuovi Cardinali e per il voto su alcune Cause di Canonizzazione: a) notificazione; b) Libretto della Celebrazione; c) galleria fotografica.

Modifications to Rites for the Creation of New Cardinals

VATICAN CITY, 10 JAN 2012 (VIS) - The Office of Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff has introduced certain modifications to the ordinary public consistories for the creation of new cardinals. The rites followed until now have been revised and simplified, with the Holy Father's approval. The modifications chiefly involve the unification of the three phases: the imposition of the biretta, the consignment of the ring and the assignation of the title or diaconate. The collect and the concluding prayer have been modified, and the proclamation of the Word of God made shorter.

On 6 January Benedict XVI announced his intention to create twenty-two new members of the College of Cardinals, on 18 February, in what will be the fourth consistory of his pontificate.

In its announcement the Office of Liturgical Celebrations explains that the liturgical reform which began with Vatican Council II also covered the rites for imposing the biretta and assigning a title to new cardinals during consistories, and that the modified form of the celebration was first used by Paul VI in April 1969. In preparing those new rites the main criterion adopted was that of giving a liturgical setting to a process which, of itself, is not part of the liturgy. The creation of new cardinals had to be inserted into a context of prayer, while at the same time avoiding anything that could give rise to the idea of a "cardinalatial Sacrament". Historically speaking, in fact, consistories have never been considered as a liturgical rite but as a meeting of the Pope with cardinals as part of the governance of the Church.

Bearing in mind these historical aspects, and in continuity with the current form and main elements of consistories, the existing practice has been reviewed and simplified. In the first place, the collect and concluding prayer of the 1969 rite have been recouped, because they are particularly rich and derive from the great Roman tradition of prayer. The two prayers, in fact, speak explicitly of the powers the Lord gave to the Church, in particular that of Peter. The Pope also prays directly for himself, that he may carry out his duties well.

The proclamation of the Word of God will also take a shorter form, as used in the 1969 rite, with a single Gospel reading (Mk 10, 32-45) which is the same in the two rites. Finally, the consignment of the cardinalatial ring will be integrated into a single rite. Prior to the 1969 reform, the red hat was imposed during the public consistory, which was followed by a secret consistory in which the ring was consigned and the title or diaconate assigned. Nowadays the distinction between public and secret consistory is no longer observed and it was deemed more coherent to bring the three phases of the creation of new cardinals together into a single rite. What remains unchanged is the following day's concelebration of Mass by the Pope and the new cardinals, which begins with an expression of homage and gratitude addressed to the Pope by the first of the new cardinals in the name of all the others.

LOR/ VIS 20120110 (530)

Nowy obrzęd kreowania kardynałów

Benedykt XVI zaaprobował zmiany wprowadzone do obrzędu kreowania kardynałów przez Papieskie Biuro Celebracji Liturgicznych. Informuje o tym w swoim dzisiejszym wydaniu „L'Osservatore Romano”.

Główna zmiana polega na połączeniu trzech momentów: nałożenia biretu kardynalskiego, wręczenia pierścienia kardynalskiego i przydzielenia kościoła tytularnego w Rzymie. Zmianie uległa również modlitwa wstępna (kolekta) oraz modlitwa końcowa. Krótsza jest również forma proklamacji Słowa Bożego.

Watykański dziennik przypomina, że dotychczas podczas kreowania nowych kardynałów korzystano z norm liturgicznych aprobowanych przez papieża Pawła VI w 1969 r. Obecne zmiany mają podkreślić, że nie istnieje „sakrament kardynalatu”, zaś konsystorz nigdy nie był obrzędem liturgicznym, lecz jest zgromadzeniem purpuratów z papieżem, związanym z władzą rządzenia Kościołem, a nie uświęcania.

Połączenie trzech momentów: nałożenia biretu kardynalskiego, wręczenia pierścienia kardynalskiego i przydzielenia kościoła tytularnego w Rzymie jest konsekwencją zaniku dawnego rozróżnienia między konsystorzem publicznym a konsystorzem tajnym.

Nie ulega natomiast zmianie tradycja sprawowania przez papieża następnego dnia po kreowaniu kardynałów wraz z nimi Mszy św. Zaczyna się ona od słów homagium i podziękowania ze strony pierwszego z nowo mianowanych purpuratów w imieniu ich wszystkich.

Nowy obrzęd kreowania kardynałów Benedykt XVI zastosuje po raz pierwszy 18 lutego bieżącego roku – podczas czwartego konsystorza obecnego pontyfikatu. Nazwiska nowych purpuratów papież Benedykt XVI ogłosił podczas modlitwy Anioł Pański w miniony piątek – uroczystość Objawienia Pańskiego. W grupie tej jest 10 zwierzchników dykasterii watykańskich oraz 9 biskupów kierujących ważnymi diecezjami w świecie. Ponadto Ojciec Święty mianował 3 nowych purpuratów, którzy przekroczyli już 80. rok życia i nie będą należeli do grona elektorów podczas ewentualnego konklawe.

Godność kardynalska jest najwyższym stopniem w hierarchii Kościoła katolickiego, a głównym przywilejem dla obdarzonych tą godnością duchownych jest prawo wyboru papieża. Tradycja tego urzędu sięga pierwszych wieków chrześcijaństwa zachodniego, z tym, że początkowo byli to księża i diakoni rzymscy, należący do najbliższego otoczenia papieskiego. Kolegium Kardynalskie o zadaniach zbliżonych do dzisiejszych powstało w połowie XII w.

Od 1586 r. liczyło ono aż do połowy naszego stulecia najwyżej 70 członków. Bł. Jan XXIII (1958–63) jako pierwszy przekroczył tę liczbę, a Paweł VI (1963–78) zarządził, że kardynałowie po osiągnięciu 80. roku życia tracą prawo udziału w konklawe, czyli wyboru papieża i że maksymalna liczba uprawnionych do tego członków Kolegium może wynosić 120.

Kardynałów powołuje papież na konsystorzu. Jest to – najogólniej mówiąc – zgromadzenie kardynałów, obecnych w Rzymie, zwoływane przez Ojca Świętego i obradujące pod jego przewodnictwem. Najwcześniejsze jego ślady pochodzą z pierwszej połowy IX wieku, przy czym było to forum spotykające się jeszcze nieregularnie. Od XI stulecia jest organem doradczym papieża, wspierającym go w rządzeniu Kościołem. W ciągu wieków zmieniały się charakter i rola tego gremium; obecnie istnieją dwa jego rodzaje: zwyczajny i nadzwyczajny.

Ten drugi zwoływany jest przez papieża dla omówienia najważniejszych, bieżących spraw Kościoła, a także dla przedstawienia kandydatur nowych kardynałów i uczestniczą w nim tylko kardynałowie. W konsystorzu zwyczajnym mogą uczestniczyć na specjalne zaproszenie papieskie nie tylko kardynałowie, lecz także inni hierarchowie, a nawet świeccy. W takim przypadku konsystorz taki może mieć charakter publiczny.

Papież mianuje nowych kardynałów najpierw na posiedzeniu tajnym, a następnie wręcza im insygnia ich godności na konsystorzu publicznym w bazylice św. Piotra. Najpierw nowi członkowie Kolegium ślubują wierność Kościołowi i Ojcu Świętemu, a następnie otrzymują od niego pierścień oraz piuskę i biret w kolorze czerwonym (purpurowym). Czerwień jest oznaką godności kardynalskiej i symbolizuje życie całkowicie oddane w służbę Kościołowi aż do przelewu krwi, jeśli zajdzie taka potrzeba. Jednocześnie dla podkreślenia rzymskich korzeni instytucji kardynalatu i związków kardynałów z Wiecznym Miastem, każdy z nich otrzymuje jakiś tutejszy kościół, którego staje się w ten sposób symbolicznym proboszczem.

Kościoły tytularne to świątynie rzymskie (141 dla kardynałów–prezbiterów i 63 dla kardynałów–diakonów), a także siedem diecezji podrzymskich (dla kardynałów–biskupów). Ich przydzielenie podkreśla ścisły związek każdego z purpuratów z diecezją rzymską, której biskupem jest papież.

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KAI, liturgia.pl

Novità nel rito per la creazione di nuovi cardinal

Introdotte dall’ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche e approvate dal Pontefice

Novità nei concistori ordinari pubblici per la creazione di nuovi cardinali. Il rito in vigore fino a oggi viene rivisto e semplificato, con l’approvazione del Santo Padre Benedetto XVI: in sostanza si unificano i tre momenti dell’imposizione della berretta, della consegna dell’anello cardinalizio e dell’assegnazione del titolo o della diaconia; cambiano le orazioni colletta e conclusiva; e assume una forma più breve la proclamazione della Parola di Dio.

Va premesso — come spiega l’Ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche del Sommo Pontefice — che la riforma liturgica avviata dal concilio Vaticano II ha riguardato anche i riti concistoriali di imposizione della berretta e di assegnazione del titolo ai nuovi porporati, e che il testo rinnovato della celebrazione, pubblicato in «Notitiae» 5, 1969, pp. 289-291, è stato usato per la prima volta da Paolo VI nell’aprile 1969.

Il criterio principale che guidò la redazione del nuovo rituale fu l’inserimento in un ambito liturgico di ciò che di per sé non ne faceva parte in senso proprio: la creazione di nuovi cardinali doveva essere collocata in un contesto di preghiera, evitando però al contempo ogni elemento che potesse dare l’idea di un «sacramento del cardinalato». Il concistoro, infatti, storicamente non era mai stato considerato un rito liturgico, bensì una riunione del Papa con i cardinali in relazione al governo della Chiesa e, pertanto, espressione del munus regendi, non del munus sanctificandi.

Tenendo presenti tali aspetti della storia passata e recente, in una linea di continuità con l’attuale forma del concistoro e dei suoi elementi principali, si è quindi rivista e semplificata la prassi vigente. Anzitutto vengono riprese dal rito del 1969 l’orazione colletta e l’orazione conclusiva, perché molto ricche nel contenuto e provenienti dalla grande tradizione eucologica romana. Le due preghiere, infatti, parlano esplicitamente dei poteri affidati dal Signore alla Chiesa, in particolare di quello di Pietro: il Pontefice prega anche in modo diretto per se stesso, per svolgere bene il suo ufficio. Nell’orazione colletta che viene dal Veronense, il cosiddetto Sacramentarium Leonianum, una delle fonti più antiche dell’eucologia romana — si tratta della colletta per l’anniversario dell’ordinazione episcopale del Vescovo di Roma (Mense Septembris, in natale episcoporum, v alia missa. nn. 989 e 993; Corpus Orationum, n. 2301) — il Santo Padre dice: «Oremus. Domine Deus, Pater gloriae fons honorum, qui licet Ecclesiam tuam toto orbe diffusam largitate munerum ditare non desinis, sedem tamen beati Apostoli tui Petri tanto propensius intueris, quanto sublimius esse voluisti: da mihi famulo tuo providentiae tuae dispositionibus exhibere congruenter officium; certus te universis Ecclesiis collaturum quidquid illi praestiteris, quam cuncta respiciunt. Per Dominum nostrum Iesum Christum, Filium tuum, qui tecum vivit et regnat in unitate Spiritus Sancti, Deus, per omnia sæcula sæculorum».

Nell’orazione conclusiva, anch’essa scelta nel 1969 dal Veronense — in questo caso si tratta però di un’altra colletta per l’anniversario dell’ordinazione episcopale del Vescovo di Roma (Mense septembris, in natale episcoporum, v alia missa, «alia collecta», nn. 992; Corpus Orationum, n. 1198) — il Papa prega così: «Deus cuius universae viae misericordia est semper et veritas, operis tui dona prosequere; et quod possibilitas non habet fragilitatis humanae, tuis beneficiis miseratus impende; ut hi famuli tui, Ecclesiae tuae iugiter servientes et fidei integritate fundati, et mentis luceant puritate conspicui. Per Christum Dominum nostrum».

Anche la proclamazione della Parola di Dio assume di nuovo la forma più breve, propria del rito del 1969, con la sola pericope evangelica (Marco 10, 32-45), che è la stessa nei due rituali. Infine, si integra la consegna dell’anello cardinalizio nello stesso rito, mentre prima della riforma del 1969 l’imposizione del cappello rosso avveniva nel concistoro pubblico, seguito da quello segreto, nel quale si svolgevano anche la consegna dell’anello e l’assegnazione della chiesa titolare o della diaconia. Oggi tale distinzione fra concistoro pubblico e segreto di fatto non viene più osservata e di conseguenza appare più coerente includere i tre momenti significativi della creazione dei nuovi cardinali nel medesimo rito.

Si conserva invece la concelebrazione del Papa con i nuovi cardinali nella Messa del giorno seguente, che si apre con l’indirizzo di omaggio e di gratitudine che il primo dei porporati rivolge al Pontefice a nome di tutti gli altri.

(©L'Osservatore Romano 7-8 gennaio 2012)

Video Database of British Pathé - Papal Liturgy and Other Rites

COUNCIL OF CARDINALS ACCEPT POPE PAUL: Various shots, showing ceremony of the robing of Pope Paul VI in the presence of the Council of Cardinals. Good shots of Cardinals leaving St. Peters and crossing the square after the ceremony. Various shots, the new Pope is carried on his throne past church leaders. LS and MS The new Pope officiating at the high altar of St Peter's. Various shots, the congregation kneeling and standing during Mass.

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CULMINATION OF HOLY YEAR: Full title reads: "Rome. Culmination of Holy Year. HH Pope Pius XI - wearing his triple crown - blesses the populace from balcony of St. Mary the Great." Rome, Italy. Shots of crowd gathered outside building. Quick shot of Pope Pius XI on balcony of building. Shots of Swiss Guards in their traditional uniforms. LS of Pope on balcony. Guards close gates of courtyard.

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CREATION OF CARDINALS: Unedited footage of cardinals being ordained by Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Pacelli) at the Vatican. Landmarks, fountains (St Peter's Cathedral, Vatican). Pope giving a blessing. Religious ceremonies. C/U of Pope in his finery. Cardinals come and kiss the feet of the Pope then either cheek. The Pope is carried on his throne through the congregation.

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CREATION OF CARDINALS: Good shot of St Peter's Cathedral looking over bridge across River Tiber. Various shots of cathedral taken from different angled. Interior shots of St Peter's Cathedral. The Pope (Pius XII) carried down aisle on a chair ("the Sedia Gestatoria"). He blesses the congregation as he passes. We see the Pope sit on his throne, he is attended by members of the Sacred College. Old Cardinals are led up to kiss the Pope's ring and slipper. He receives the Vatican lawyers in black robes; they make a plea for the canonisation of four new saints. The 32 new Cardinals then pay their respects to the pope, including Cardinal Aganian of Armenia and Cardinal Griffin of Westminster. Background to the ceremony is provided by the Swiss, Palatine guards and Papal guards in traditional dress. We hear sound of choir singing in Latin. The pope leaves the cathedral, natural sound of people shouting "Viva Pope".

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CORONATION OF THE POPE: Good L/S of St Peter's Cathedral and thousands of people in the Square. M/S of the Pope Pius XII / Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli being crowned on the balcony by the Cardinal Deacon, the watching crowd cheers. The Pope stands up from his chair and says some prayers.

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ELECTING THE NEW POPE: L/S's of the Vatican. L/S's of Italian guards in line outside the building. Various cardinals and clergymen walk past. People hold up umbrellas to keep the rain off.

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ECUMENICAL COUNCIL MEETS IN ROME: VS. The Prelates taking their seats in the Basilica. VS. Pope Paul the Sixth being chaired shoulder high into the Basilica of Saint Peter. VS. During ceremony taken by Pope Paul, he opens the conclave with solemn mass, during which one of the prelates faints and has to be wheeled out of the Basilica on a trolley.

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IL PAPA IN PIAZZA SAN PIETRO: CU Several statues in St. Peter's Square. LS Dome of St. Peter's pan down to vast crowd. Elevated shots, officials walking into St. Peters. LS Full screen, vast crowd. MS Pope Pius XII addressing the crowd from balcony. High elevated shot, vast crowd. MS Pope giving blessing. High elevated, vast crowd. CU The Pope's Coat of Arms on banner pan up to Pope. LV Crowd. CU Pope giving blessing.

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NEW POPE ELECTED: Full titles read: "NEW POPE ELECTED - Before entering sealed conclave chamber, Cardinal Bourne of Westminster & Cardinal Logue of Ireland pose for our Staff Cameraman. Separate M/S's and C/U's of Francis Alphonsus Bourne and Logue posing for the camera

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POPE BLESSES EASTER CROWD: Pope Pius XII delivers his Easter message from the balcony of St. Peter's Cathedral GV. Throng in front of St. Peters.(first 7 feet for super title). SV. Pope giving blessing. CU. People kneeling pan up to G.V. of throng. AV. Dome of St. Peters and crowd in square. AV. Massed crowd in front of St. Peters. SV. Pope telling people to rise. SV. Carabinieri rising with rifles. GV. Crowd rising and cheering. LV. Pope delivering address. SV. Pope delivering address. MTV. Crowd listening. SV. Choirboys listening. SV. Pope finishing address. SV. Cheering crowds in front of St. Peters. (Orig.Lav.) (Orig.E.)

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PAPAL CEREMONY REVIVED AFTER 63 YEARS: LS of Square in front of Church. A vast crowd look to the balcony where Pope Pius XI stands. Closer shot of Pope as he gives a blessing.

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POPE JOHN CROWNED: GV Massed crowds in St. Peter's Square. GV Massed crowds in St. Peter's Square. AS Int. looking up at the dome of St. Peter's. SV Pope John XXIII rising from chair to be carried in his portable throne. SV Guards. SV Pope John 23rd being helped down steps to his portable throne. SV Pope John being lifted into his portable throne and being carried along. GV As he is carried in gestatorial chair. SV Congregation on balcony inside St. Peter's. GV Pope John being carried to throne. SV Bearers lowering the gestatorial chair. SV Relatives watching. GV Congregation and bishops. GV Congregation. SV Bishops embracing the Pope. SV Bishop kissing ring and embracing Pope. LV Bishops and congregation. CU Pope John reading address. LV Bishops and congregation. LV Pope John at the high altar, blessing altar with incense. GV Congregation and bishops. SV Pope John at high altar, offering the Host. LV Bishops and congregation. SV Pope John blessing high altar. SV Relatives watching. GV Pope John being carried in the gestatorial chair through St. Peter's to the balcony outside. SV Pan, Pope John being carried in gestatorial chair. CU Bishop holding gem studded triple tiara. SV Pope John coming out onto the balcony followed by bishops. GV Massed crowds in St. Peter's, pan to GV Crowds. SV Cardinal Canali taking off mitre hat and placing crown on Pope John. SV Crowds in square. SV Pope John blessing the crowd "Urbi Et Orbi". GV Massed crowds in St. Peter's Square cheering. SV Pope John on balcony.

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POPE PAUL: Close up shot of the Pope Paul speaking. Various shots of the pope seated in church with cardinals and other dignitaries around. They pray. Pope kneels and prays. Various shots of the Pope and escort walking along the isle blessing the people. Various shots of the Pope performing a religious ceremony, he walks around the altar, etc. Various shots of the Pope in his chair being carried through crowded church. Various shots of a mass of people in church yard, camera pans to show the Pope on balcony addressing the crowd.

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POPE PROCLAIMS HOLY YEAR: Pope Eugenio Pacelli Pius XII proclaims the Holy Year - Rome, Italy. Clerics walking to the Basilica of St Peters where the Papal Bull (parchment in Latin) will be read. Pan down top of entrance to the Pope standing in the porch of St Peters Basilica. The Pope acknowledges gathering of clerics. A prelate reading the Papal Bull. General view of the priests and others listening. L/S over heads of crowd to cameramen. M/S of a prelate reading the Bull. Seated priests listening. People looking through railings of gate. Priests arriving at the Throne Room of the Apostolic Palace for the ceremony of handing over the Bull to the Dean of the Apostolic Pronotaries. Priests taking their places in the Throne Room. General view of the gathering. Monsignor Alfonso Carinci, Dean of the Apostolic Pronotaries speaking from rostrum of porch of St Peters Basilica. Pan along cardinals seated for the Throne Room ceremony. Various shots outside the Basilica with cardinals and priests arriving for ceremony. L/S of the steps and columns of St Peters with people wandering about in courtyard. M/S of ornate clock tower on the Vatican. M/S of people looking through railings. Cardinals and others listening as prelate reads the Bull from rostrum.

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POPE PIUS INAUGURATES HOLY YEAR: SV. Exterior of St. Peter's Cathedral, Rome. GV. Crowd waiting outside St. Peters. SV. Carabinieri officers lined up. SV. Towards, clergy entering church. SV. Man kissing stone pillar. MV. Premier Alcide de Gasperi, Prime Minister of Italy, arriving. SV. Men arriving and kissing the stone pillar. LV. MV. GV. Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Pacelli) being carried through congregation in St. Peters. MV. SV. Towards, elevated shot, clergy preceding Pope coming out of St. Peters. LV. Pope being carried down steps of St. Peters. SV. Pope sitting on palanquin being carried down steps. MV. Elevated, Pope's guard and others following behind. LV. Pope is placed beside throne. LV. Choir. SV. Back view Pope knocking on Holy Door. LV. Holy Door being lowered from inside church. SV. Exterior, Holy Door being lowered. LV. Interior door being lowered and dragged. SV. Pope surrounded by clergy, enters church carrying cross. SV. Top view bodyguard and others looking on. LV. Elevated clergy entering church.

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POPE PAULS EASTER BLESSING: Various shots of the Pope Paul VI giving communion to the crowds gathered in St. Peter's Square in Rome. GV. Over St. Peters Square packed with people. VS. Pope Paul now blessing the crowds from his balcony during his Easter blessing. Ecstatic clapping from crowd. MS. Large Vatican bell swinging in belfry.

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POPE PAUL IS CROWNED: GV. Huge crowd on St. Peter's Square in Rome. SV. Milan miners parading through the square with banners the Pope was their Archbishop. SV. Crowd of people. SV. Procession of religious dignitaries moving past camera, one of them carrying a crown with which the new Pope Paul VI is to be crowned. SCU. The man carrying the crown. SV. Others in the procession, one nearest camera carrying the crown. SV. Crowd. SV. The Pope moving to his throne. GV. Photographers on stands near gigantic statue. SV. The Pope being crowned. CU. Tapestry. SV. Pope sitting on throne with crown on his head. GV. Crowds in the square. SCU. The Pope walking to the chair on which he will be carried. SV. Members of the church looking on. SCU. The Pope being carried on the chair.

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POPES EASTER BLESSING: L/S St Peter's with people walking along street towards it. L/S people in street pan up to dome of St Peters. Shots of people gathering in street. M/S the Vatican guard presenting arms. C/U one of the Vatican guards. M/S guards. C/U guardsman. L/S of balcony where Pope will stand, other clerics are seen on it. L/S elevated waving crowd. L/S Pope blessing crowd from balcony. L/S crowd. L/S Pope Eugenio Pacelli and others on balcony. L/S elevated waving crowd.

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POPE CROWNS "QUEEN OF HEAVEN": Pope Pius XII, Eugenio Pacelli, on his golden chair (several shots). Several shots, Pope on his golden chair being carried through crowd. SV. Priests following. SV. Crowd running. SV. Crowd marching. SV. Nuns and crowd in St. Peter's Square. SV. Newsreel men on top of cars. SCV. Guards marching. SCV. Two nuns. SCV. Two Bishops. CU. Cinerama camera. GV. People in St. Peter's Square.

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POPE CROWNS "QUEEN OF HEAVEN": Selected originals (offcuts, selected scenes, out-takes, rushes) for story "Pope Crowns "Queen of Heaven"" 54/87.

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POPE BLESSES EASTER CROWD: Pope Pius XII delivers his Easter message from the balcony of St. Peter's Cathedral. GV. Throng in front of St. Peters.(first 7 feet for super title). SV. Pope giving blessing. CU. People kneeling pan up to G.V. of throng. AV. Dome of St. Peters and crowd in square. AV. Massed crowd in front of St. Peters. SV. Pope telling people to rise. SV. Carabinieri rising with rifles. GV. Crowd rising and cheering. LV. Pope delivering address. SV. Pope delivering address. MTV. Crowd listening. SV. Choirboys listening. SV. Pope finishing address. SV. Cheering crowds in front of St. Peters.

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POPE BLESSES EASTER CROWD: St. Peter's Square, Vatican City, Rome, Italy. MV. Pope Pius XII speaking to crowd on balcony at St. Peter's (a stills photographer is clearly visible in the window behind him).

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THE POPE'S EASTER BLESSING: Three CUs Crowd. GV Crowd. LS Basilica, crowd in f.g. VS Crowd in St. Peter's Square. CU Oriental girl wearing decorative headscarf. High angle of crowds in St. Peter's Square. MS Pope Pius XII standing on balcony delivering Easter Blessing. BV Statue. LS St Peter's. Two high angle shots of massed crowds.

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THE NEW POPE PIUS XI: L/S's of large crowds with umbrellas (it look as though it is raining.) standing outside the Vatican. L/S of the Pope on balcony with other cardinals and clergymen. Intertitle reads: "Fully 100,000 people assembled in the vast square of St. Peter's -"

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"URBE ET ORBI": Massive gathering outside basilica of St Peter's. LS of Pope Pius XI at large window blessing the crowd and the City.

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WORLD ACCLAIMS POPE: GV. & SV. Pan, crowds in St. Peter's Square. GV. The Sistine Chapel. GV. Pan, interior showing cardinals at prayer. SCU. Two cardinals. SV. Cardinals. SCU. Cardinal Montini (later to be elected Pope Paul VI). SV. The doors of the chapel being closed and bolted. GV. The locked doors. GV. Crowds waiting in square - two shots. SV. People washing their faces in the fountain to keep cool. SV. Two priests wearing newspaper hats. CU. Priests looking through binoculars. LV. & SV. White smoke coming from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel - sign that the new Pope is chosen. GV. Crowds cheering. SCU. Priests applauding. GV. Looking towards St. Peter's with crowds cheering in foreground. SV. Dignitaries on balcony, one of them is announcing the new Pope - natural sound. GV. Crowds in front of St. Peters. SV. The crowds cheering - two shots. SV. The new Pope on the balcony. LV. The balcony. SV. Pope giving blessing - natural sound.

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WORLD MOURNS POPE JOHN: Several shots of the Pope John XXIII during his coronation. Congregation, including the Cardinals and the Pope's family, gathered at St. Peter's Church, Vatican. Pope John is lifted in his chair and carried through cheering crowd at St. Peter's Church. Top shot of empty St. Peter's Square, Rome. Several shots of mass crowd at the square with the Pope on balcony of St. Peter's blessing the people. Various shots of the Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, during their visit to Vatican. They are talking to the Pope and with Cardinals. Queen is wearing black and Prince Philip is wearing a uniform. Various shots of the Pope riding in open car through crowded streets, visiting a jail and a hospital. He talks to prisoners and patients and blesses them.

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CANONISATION OF POPE PIUS X: MS. Various religious groups. LS. Einaudi arriving. LS.Large crowd in St. Peters Square. LS. Pope on pontifical chair carried through crowds. MS. Pope with escorts walking to Basilica. CU. Portrait of Pope Pius X. Crowd. MS. Pope blessing congregation. LS. Huge crowd. LS. Portrait of Pope X. hanging from balcony of St. Peters. LS. Procession through crowds. MS. Types in crowd. CU. The scene in mirror of periscope. Various shots of groups in crowd. LS. GV. St.Peters with crowd in foreground. Various crowd shots. Crowd on balcony. (Lav)

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PIUS XII CORONATION ANNIVERSARY: LV. Pope being carried in a chair. LV. Dope of St Peter's interior. TV. The altar. SV. Pan down to the altar. LV. Pope being carried through crowd, & SV. TV. The altar. SV. Pope in his chair. TV. Crowded altar. GV. Papal dignitaries leading, & GV. TV. Pope in his chair. LV. Crowd waving with Pope in distance in his chair, & LV. & SV. TV. Papal dignitaries.

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HOLY YEAR ENDS: MS. & SCU. Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Pacelli) walking in procession in the Vatican basilica. SCU. Pope seated on throne. SCU. & CU. Pope walking in procession (two shots). MS. The Pope being borne along on gestatorial chair and blessing the throne. MS. Cardinals arriving. MS. Cardinals arriving. MS. Cardinal removing the Pope's mitre. MS. The Pope giving a blessing from the throne LS. Pan from Pope on throne to Holy Door. LS. St. Peters Church workmen fitting up temporary frame to symbolise closing of the Holy Door. LS. Putting the door into position. SCU. Pope seated on throne. SCU. Pope seated in gestatorial chair. MS. The Pope receiving obeisance. MS. Elevated, Pope seated in gestatorial chair. MS. Elevated, Pope rising from chair. MS. Elevated, procession walking towards Holy Door. LS. & MS. Pope being borne along, blessing crowd (two shots). SCU. Pope seated on throne. SCU. Pope stepping down from throne. MS. Elevated, towards Cardinals arriving. MS. Pope arriving at an altar to bless the materials for the work of closing the Holy Door. MS. Pope reading from book and blessing materials. MS. Pope at altar. MS. Pope kneeling and reading from book. LS. Pan from congregation to Pope on throne. MS. Elevated, part of the ceremony. MS. Pope giving blessing from throne. SCU. Pope seated on gestatorial chair. MS. Pope walking to and sitting on throne (two shots). MS. & LS. Pope blessing from throne. SCU. Pope seated in gestatorial chair being borne along. LS. & MS. Pope being borne along (two shots). MS. Pope in crowd. LS. Papal procession entering Basilica. MS. Pope sprinkling incense over materials. MS. Pope walking to throne. LS. Dignitaries walking out of Basilica. MS. Count Carlo Sforza, Italian Foreign Minister, among dignitaries. LS. Dignitaries arriving (three shots). MS. Arrival of the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre. LS. Arrival of the Grand Master of the Order of Malta, Prince Chigi (two shots). MS. Personalities arriving (two shots). LS. Papal procession. LS. & MS. Pope being borne through crowd (four shots). LS. Procession entering Basilica.

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SECOND CANONISATION OF THE YEAR: LS Pan up exterior of entrance to St. Peters. LS Elevated interior of guards marching up aisle of church. LS Elevated, monks walking up aisle. MS Crosses being borne into the church. MS Elevated bishops and cardinals walking up aisle. LS Vanguard of papal procession entering church. LS The Pope, being carried on portable throne is borne along. MS Back view the Pope being carried towards altar. MS Back view, papal procession. MS People running up steps of St. Peters, including small boy.

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POPE PAUL CONSECRATES NEW ABBEY AT MONTE CASSINO: Various shots, Pope Paul VI arriving at the Benedictine Abbey of Monte Cassino which was heavily bombed by Allied forces in World War II. He arrives standing in his limousine to cheers from the crowds. He recognises the crowd and goes to meet those nearest the barrier. Various shots, Pope Paul leaving the Abbey in the rain, again heavily pressed by the crowd. Various shots, Pope Paul, accompanied by members of the Papal Court and six Cardinals, perform the ceremony of consecrating the new abbey. They consecrate the altar and all the crosses around the abbey. All the time the Pope is heavily besieged by people. High shots, outside the abbey looking down at a site below, possibly a cemetery. CUs The pope leaving the abbey at the end of the ceremony. MS The Pope's limousine leaves Monte Cassino. Various shots, crowds following in the rain as his motorcade makes its way down the hill. Inside the abbey as the Pope arrives and seats himself on the throne. MS Details of the new abbey's architecture. Various shots of the congregation and the Pope sitting in full regalia. Various shots, the Pope and his entourage blessing the building. MS The organ. LS Looking down the nave to the high altar. MS Two Papal guards saluting. (2 shots). MS The Pope's limousine arriving, the top is opened and he steps out. Various shots, crowds waiting in rain outside abbey. MS Statue, possibly of St Benedict. Various shots of the architecture of the new Monte Cassino. Various shots, the Pope being mobbed by crowds and cameramen as he enters the Abbey, then the abbey doors are closed. MS The cloisters pan up to window. LS Stone gateway and steps to the cloisters. LS View from the balcony. MS Statue of St Benedict on steps. Various good shots, Pope Paul waving to roadside crowds and to the camera as he leaves.

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POPE NAMES NEW SAINTS: St. Peters, Rome, Italy. Pope Pius XII names three new Saints at Canonisation Ceremony. LV Int. procession in Basilica. MV Standards representing new Saints in procession. LV Pope's procession. LV Pope's procession passing pillars. SV Papal procession. MV Pope Pius XII being lowered. LV Clergy lining Basilica. LV Pope at throne. Pan up to lights and clock. MV Cardinals walking up to Pope and kissing ring. SV Night shot, Church of St. Anne in Laconi. MV Glass coffin containing the body of Father Ignazio da Laconi leaving church. SV Illuminated coffin in procession. MV Interior of St. Anne's Church. MV Pulpit and picture of St. Ignazio. MV St. Ignazio in illuminated glass coffin. LV Crowds outside St. Peter's. SV Banner of Saint. SV 2 costumed girls. CU Costumed girl. MV Pan round ornate and illuminated roof of Basilica. LV Pope at throne. LV Swiss Guard. SV Pope reading decree.

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PIUS XII CORONATION ANNIVERSARY: LV. Interior of St. Peter's Church, Rome, showing mass crowd. SV. Altar. LV. The Papal procession, & GV. & SV. SV. The top of the altar. GV. The Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Pacelli) passing in his chair past the altar. GV. The chair being lowered to the floor. GV. Priests kneeling. LV. The audience, Vatican Guards in the foreground. LV. & CV. The priests at the altar. GV. Papal dignitaries and priests arising from their knees. TV. The Pope leaving the ceremony in his chair.

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PAPAL CEREMONY REVIVED AFTER 63 YEARS: Full title reads: "Rome. Papal Ceremony Revived after 63 years. His Holiness leaves Vatican to celebrate the Feast of the Ascension and afterwards imparts his blessing on huge concourse." Rome, Italy. LS of Square in front of Church. A vast crowd look to the balcony where Pope Pius XI stands. Closer shot of Pope as he gives a blessing.

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More: britishpathe.com

The Inauguration of seven new Cardinals by Pope John XXIII

British Pathé: "MS. Pope John XXIII blessing cardinals of the Catholic church. MS.Three Vatican officials wearing ceremonial dress (16th century design). MS Pope issuing the seven new cardinals with their Galero, the red broad rimmed hat of a cardinal. MS. Pope blessing congregation from his ceremonial throne. MS. Crowd. Pope stepping onto chair, pan as he is carried down the aisle of St. Peter's. GV. New cardinals as they lie prostrate before the high altar of St. Petrenilla. LS. Pan, Pope as he is carried past high altar. GV. Int. St. Peters, the Pope being carried along aisle. MS. SV. Pan, Pope's chair as he is carried through the basilica. LS. BV. Pope as he climbs the steps to his throne and sits down. GV. Ornate clock, pan down to Pope surrounded by chief cardinals. Various shots of clock. GV. Congregation, with television cameras behind them. MS. Pope blessing cardinal. MS. Seven new cardinals. CU. Painting of Virgin Mary. CU. Statue of St. Peter. Various shots of congregation including nuns and monks. MS. Press photographer. MS. Seven new cardinals. CU. Pope John XXIII. CU. Two members of Swiss Papal guard. Various shots of the Pope blessing the cardinals".

Eight Cardinals get Red Hat from Pope

British Pathé: "All stand in the Vatican as Pope John XXIII is carried in on his portable throne. MS. The Pope sits on his permanent throne and receives the newly elected cardinals. MS. The Vatican organ. Various shots of the ceremony taking place where eight Cardinals from Italy, Peru, Syria, Chile, Belgium, Ireland and Spain receive their Red Hats. Various shots of the Cardinals laying face down on the floor in prayer".

Creatio Cardinalis

Consistory (Blessed John XXIII) and Creatio Cardinalis (Albino Luciani - John Paul I)